Exfoliated vermiculite’s cation exchange capacity (up to 1000 milliequivalents per kg) allows it to be used in fluid purification processes for waste water, chemical processing and the pollution control of air in mines and gases in industrial processes. In addition, vermiculite will retain liquids within the inter-laminar voids of the individual particles as well as between the particles themselves. Exfoliated larger grades of vermiculite are used extensively in the packaging market because of their: